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Nature
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Nature Fact #086

Three hearts, blue blood and a brain in its arms

An octopus has three hearts, and one of them stops beating when it swims.

September 29, 2026 · 1 min read · 3 sources

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If aliens live on Earth, they’re probably in the ocean and have eight arms. The octopus breaks pretty much every rule we know about animals. It is a cephalopod, a kind of mollusk, so its closest relatives are snails and clams rather than fish.

Three hearts instead of one

Two small hearts pump blood through the gills, and one big heart supplies the rest of the body. The weird part: the big heart stops beating when the octopus swims. That makes swimming exhausting, which is why octopuses prefer crawling along the sea floor.

Blue blood, for real

Our blood is red because it contains iron. Octopus blood carries oxygen with a molecule called hemocyanin, which contains copper. The result: blue blood. In cold, low-oxygen water, it actually works better than our system.

The arms think for themselves

An octopus has around 500 million neurons, roughly as many as a dog. But about two thirds of them are in the arms, not the head. Each arm can touch, taste and partly decide on its own what to grab. Think of it as eight roommates who only loosely coordinate.

A severed octopus arm can keep reacting to touch and reaching for food for a while.

As if that weren’t enough: octopuses can change their color and even the texture of their skin in a split second, even though they’re probably colorblind. How exactly they pull that off still isn’t fully understood.

By the way, calamari is squid, not octopus. Squid are strange animals too.

The evidence

  1. 1Wikipedia: Octopus
  2. 2Smithsonian Magazine: Ten Wild Facts About Octopuses: They Have Three Hearts, Big Brains and Blue Blood
  3. 3Shedd Aquarium: Eight Strange and Wonderful Facts About Octopuses

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5

🎃 The golden pumpkin! Here is your secret Halloween fact:

The first jack-o’-lanterns were turnips. In Ireland and other Celtic regions in the 19th and early 20th centuries, people carved faces into turnips, sometimes potatoes or beets, and put a candle inside. It was meant to keep away the restless spirit “Stingy Jack”, who was barred from both heaven and hell. The National Museum of Ireland in County Mayo still keeps a plaster cast of a carved turnip from Donegal with “a pinched angry face”.

Source: Smithsonian Magazine